Salah satu tantangan terbesar dalam belajar bahasa inggris adalah mempelajari tenses. Yap, banyaknya rumus yang harus dihafal ditambah dengan penggunaan di waktu yang berbeda-beda, seringkali bikin kita kesulitan mengingatnya.
Nah, di artikel ini, kita akan kupas satu per satu 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris. Mulai dari rumus, penggunaan, tanda waktu, hingga contoh kalimatnya. Berikut ulasan lengkapnya!
1. Simple Present Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk mengungkapkan fakta, menceritakan suatu kejadian, atau kebiasaan yang terjadi di masa sekarang.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + V1 (s/es) | She works every day | Every day, always, often |
| Nominal | S + is/am/are + nominal | She is a teacher |
2. Present Continuous Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau rencana di masa depan.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + is/am/are + V-ing | She is working now | Now, at the moment, today |
| Nominal | S + is/am/are + nominal | She is a teacher right now |
3. Present Perfect Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah terjadi tetapi masih relevan hingga sekarang atau pengalaman yang pernah dialami.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + has/have + V3 | She has worked today | Already, just, yet, ever |
| Nominal | S + has/have + been + nominal | She has been a teacher for five years |
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah berlangsung dari masa lalu hingga sekarang dan masih terus berlanjut.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + has/have + been + V-ing | She has been working since 8 am | Since, for, lately, recently |
| Nominal | S + has/have + been + being + nominal | She has been being a teacher for five years |
5. Simple Past Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lalu dan sudah selesai.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + V2 | She worked yesterday | Yesterday, last week, ago |
| Nominal | S + was/were + nominal | She was a teacher |
6. Past Continuous Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu, biasanya ketika ada kejadian lain yang menyela.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + was/were + V-ing | She was working at 9 am | While, when, at that time |
| Nominal | S + was/were + nominal | She was a teacher at that time. |
7. Past Perfect Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang terjadi sebelum kejadian lain di masa lalu.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + had + V3 | She had worked before noon | Before, after, by the time |
| Nominal | S + had + been + nominal | She had been a teacher before she retired |
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah berlangsung dalam jangka waktu tertentu sebelum kejadian lan di masa lalu.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + had + been + V-ing | She had been working for 2 hours | For, since, before |
| Nominal | S + had + been being + nominal | – |
9. Simple Future Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + will + V1 | She will work tomorrow | Tomorrow, next week, in the future |
| Nominal | S + will be + nominal | She will be a teacher |
10. Future Continuous Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa depan.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + will be + V-ing | She will be working at 10 am | At this time tomorrow, next year |
| Nominal | S + will being + nominal | She will being a teacher next year |
11. Future Perfect Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan selesai sebelum waktu tertentu di masa depan.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + will + have + V3 | She will have worked by noon | By, before, by next year |
| Nominal | S + will + have been + nominal | She will have been a teacher for 10 years by next year |
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan selama periode tertentu di masa depan.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + will have been + V-ing | She will have been working for 2 hours by lunch | For, since, by |
| Nominal | S + will have + been being + nominal | She will have been being a teacher since 2020 |
13. Simple Past Future Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian atau rencana yang akan terjadi setelah titik waktu di masa lalu.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + would + V1 | She would work if needed | If, yesterday, last week |
| Nominal | S + would be + nominal | She would be a teacher if she had finished college |
14. Past Future Continuous Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan sedang berlangsung pada titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + would be + V-ing | She would be working now | Now, at this time |
| Nominal | S + would being + nominal | She would being a teacher if she had passed the test |
15. Past Future Perfect Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan sudah selesai sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + would have + V3 | She would have worked by noon | If, by that time, before |
| Nominal | S + would have been + nominal | She would have been a teacher if she had taken the job |
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang akan telah berlangsung dalam jangka waktu tertentu sebelum titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
| Rumus | Contoh | Tanda Waktu | |
| Verbal | S + would have been + V-ing | She would have been working for hours | For, if, by that time |
| Nominal | S + would have been being + nominal | She would have been being a teacher for five years if she hadn’t quit |
Nah, itu dia 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris yang bisa StudyMates pelajari step by step. Jangan lupa konsisten buat diaplikasikan sehari-hari.
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